Useful Links
Here are some links that we found useful and thought you might too, these links are tools such as maps and downloadable data sets that are helpful across the various areas of geology and mining:
Company Research
ASX – Company Research
http://www.asx.com.au/research/company-research.htm
Mining
IRTM (interactive resource and tenure maps):
http://mines.industry.qld.gov.au/geoscience/interactive-resource-tenure-maps.htm
Geological Survey of Queensland Projects:
http://mines.industry.qld.gov.au/geoscience/gsq-projects.htm
Environmental
QLD
Spatial Information on Queensland:
http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/mapping/index.html
Queensland Government Information Services-can get environmental and land use things from here such as property boundaries and EREs:
http://dds.information.qld.gov.au/DDS/Search.aspx
Maps of Environmentally Sensitive Areas
http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences-permits/maps_of_environmentally_sensitive_areas.php
Geochemical
WA
WA Geochem
http://geochem.dmp.wa.gov.au/geochem/
Geological/Geophysical
National
Geoscience Portal
http://www.geoscience.gov.au/about.html
GADDS (Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System)
Geological Maps
Geoscience Australia
Airborne Geophysics
http://www.ga.gov.au/geophysics-argus/
http://www.ga.gov.au/productsearch/textonly.jsp
http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/image_cache/GA14450.pdf
NASA World – GA Geophysics including Radiometrics
http://www.ga.gov.au/products-services/maps/interactive-3d-models/world-wind-3d-data-viewer.html
USGS Landsat Site
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Geological/Geophysical – QLD
QLD Geological Maps and notes:
http://mines.industry.qld.gov.au/geoscience/geological-maps-notes.htm
QLD 100k/250k scanned in sheet maps:
Geological/Geophysical – NSW
NSW Geological Maps and notes:
http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/geological/geological-maps
NSW Regional Geology
http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/geological/overview/regional#orogens
NSW Geophysics
http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/geological/geophysical-images-data
NSW Statewide geoscience data packages
http://www.resources.nsw.gov.au/geological/gis-data-packages
GADDS (NSW Geophysical Archive Data Delivery System)
Handy Help
Geological/Geophysical – WA
WA Geological Maps (50K, 100K, 250K)
http://geodownloads.dmp.wa.gov.au/seriesmapping/digitalgeology_enh2.asp
WA Geological Downloads (mosaic, geophys, geochem, etc.) http://geodownloads.dmp.wa.gov.au/datacentre/datacentreDb.asp
WA Mines, Projects, Prospects history (MINEDEX)
http://minedexext.dmp.wa.gov.au/minedex/external/common/appMain.jsp
WA Airborne Geophysics Index (MAGIX)
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/4030.aspx
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/14374.aspx
Tenements
WA
MTO (Mineral Tenements Online)
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/3968.aspx
Interactive Maps (GeoVIEW.WA)
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/7113.aspx
Data Centre
http://geodownloads.dmp.wa.gov.au/Datacentre/datacentreDb.asp
| Name | Chemistry | Crystal System | Density (Min) | Density (Max) | Hardness (Min) | Hardness (Max) | Notes |
| Acanthite | Ag2S | Mon | 7.2 | 7.4 | 2 | 2.5 | Low temperature Ag2S, 87% Ag |
| Achroite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Colourless tourmaline | ||
| Acmite | NaFe3+Si2O6 | Mon | 3.4 | 3.6 | 6 | 6.5 | A pyroxene |
| Actinolite | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5(Si8O22) (OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.24 | 5 | 6 | Tremolite with >2% Fe |
| Adularia | KA1Si3O8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Clear orthoclase | |
| Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Impure acmite, generally green to black in colour | |
| Agate | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Banded chalcedony | ||
| Alabandite | MnS | Iso | 3.95 | 4.04 | 3.5 | 4 | Black |
| Alabaster | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Massive f.gr. gypsum | ||
| Albite | NaAlSi3O8 | Tric | 2.6 | 2.65 | 6 | 0 | Na rich plagioclase, Ab100 to Ab90 An10 |
| Alexandrite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Gem chrysoberyl | ||
| Allanite | (Ce,Ca,Y) (Al,Fe)(Si2O3) (SiO4)O(OH) | Mon | 3.5 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 6 | About 28% REO |
| Allemontite | AsSb | Trig | 5.8 | 6.2 | 3 | 4 | One cleavage |
| Allophane | Al2O3(SiO2)1.3-2.0·2.5-3.0H2O | Amor | 1.85 | 1.89 | 3 | 0 | Claylike mineral |
| Almandine | (Fe2+)3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 4.318 | 0 | 7 | 7.5 | A red garnet |
| Altaite | PbTe | Iso | 8.19 | 0 | 2 | 3 | Tin – white, rare |
| Alumstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Alunite | ||
| Alunite | K Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Trig | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.5 | 4 | 11.4% K2O, 37% Al2O3 |
| Amazonite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Green to blue green microcline | ||
| Amblygonite | LiAlPO4F | Tric | 3.04 | 3.11 | 5.5 | 6 | About 10% Li2O, 48% P2O5 |
| Amethyst | SiO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Purple quartz. The colour is caused by iron impurities in the 10s to 100s parts per million range | |
| Amosite | Fe,Mg,Si,O,OH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A fibrous variety of grunerite | |
| Amphibole group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See actinolite, antho- phyllite, arfvedsonite, cummingtonite, glauco- phane, horn-blende, riebeckite, tremolite | ||
| Analcime | Na(AlSi2)O6)·H2O | Tric | 2.24 | 2.29 | 5 | 5.5 | A zeolite |
| Anatase | TiO2 | Tet | 3.79 | 3.97 | 5.5 | 6 | Low temperature TiO2 |
| Anauxite | Al2OSiO4 | Mon | 2.6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Si-rich kaolinite |
| Andalusite | Al2SiO5 | Orth | 3.13 | 3.16 | 7.5 | 0 | Often as square prisms. 63% Al2O3 |
| Andesine | (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 | Tric | 2.69 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | A plagioclase feldspar |
| Andradite | Ca3(Fe3+)2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.8 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7 | Calcium-iron garnet |
| Anglesite | PbSO4 | Orth | 6.37 | 6.39 | 2.5 | 3 | Secondary, often banded. 68% Pb |
| Anhydrite | CaSO4 | Orth | 2.89 | 2.98 | 3 | 3.5 | 41% CaO |
| Ankerite | CaFe2+(CO3)2 | Rho | 2.93 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4 | Dolomite with Fe>Mg |
| Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O | Mon | 3.07 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Nickel bloom. 29% Ni, 25% As |
| Anorthite | CaAl2Si2O8 | Tric | 2.74 | 2.76 | 6 | 6.5 | Ca-rich plagioclase, An100 to An90 Ab10 |
| Anorthoclase | (Na,K)AlSi3O8 | Tric | 2.58 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | Like orthoclase, with Na>K |
| Anthophyllite | []Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 | Orth | 2.85 | 3.57 | 5.5 | 6 | White, greenish grey, green, clove brown, or brownish green amphibole var. of asbestos |
| Antigorite | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon | 2.5 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 4 | Platy serpentine |
| Antimony | Sb | Trig | 6.61 | 6.71 | 3 | 3.5 | Cl (0001) |
| Antlerite | (Cu2+)3SO4(OH)4 | Orth | 3.9 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Secondary Cu mineral of arid regions |
| Apatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,OH,Cl) | Hex | 3.15 | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | 38 – 42% P2O5 |
| Apophyllite | (K,Na)Ca4Si8O20(F,OH)· 8H2O | Tet | 2.33 | 2.37 | 4.5 | 5 | Secondary, in basic lavas |
| Aquamarine | Be3Al2Si6O18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pale greenish-blue transparent beryl | |
| Aragonite | CaCO3 | Orth | 2.95 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Cl (010), (110). 56% CaO |
| Arfvedsonite | NaNa2[(Fe2+)4Fe3+] Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon | 3.3 | 3.5 | 6 | 0 | Na amphibole |
| Argentite | Ag2S | Mon | 7.2 | 7.4 | 2 | 2.5 | Sectile, 87% Ag |
| Arsenic | As | Trig | 5.63 | 5.78 | 3.5 | 0 | Cl (0001) |
| Arsenopyrite | FeAsS | Mon | 6.07 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | Pseudo-orth. 46% As |
| Asbestos | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See amosite, antho- phyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite | ||
| Asbolite | Cobaltian wad | Amor | 2.9 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | To 15% Co |
| Atacamite | Cu2Cl(OH)3 | Orth | 3.75 | 3.77 | 3 | 3.5 | Cl (010). 59% Cu |
| Augite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)2O6 | Mon | 3.19 | 3.56 | 5.5 | 6 | Common pyroxene |
| Aurichalcite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 | Mon | 3.96 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 14 – 23% Cu, 36 – 47% Zn |
| Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·10-12H2O | Orth | 3.05 | 3.2 | 2 | 2.5 | Yellow-green, fluorescent, 67% U3O8 |
| Awaruite | Ni3Fe | Iso | 7.8 | 8.2 | 4 | 5 | Magnetic |
| Axinite | Ca2(Mn,Fe,Mg)Al2BSi4O15. (OH) | Tric | 3.27 | 3.35 | 6.5 | 7 | Crystal angles acute |
| Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 | Mon | 3.77 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Always blue. 55% Cu |
| B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Baddeleyite | ZrO2 | Mon | 5.4 | 6.02 | 6.5 | 0 | Minor Zr source |
| Balas ruby | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Red gem spinel | ||
| Baryte | BaSO4 | Orth | 4.5 | 0 | 3 | 3.5 | Cl (001), (110). 65.7% BaO |
| Bastnäsite | (Ce,La)(CO3)(F) | Hex | 4.9 | 5.2 | 4 | 4.5 | 75% REO |
| Bauxite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A mixture of aluminium hydroxides/ oxides | ||
| Beidellite | (Na,Ca)0.3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 •nH2O | Mon | 2.6 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Al-rich montmorillonite |
| Bentonite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | An impure clay, primarily montmorillonite | ||
| Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | Hex | 0.63 | 2.92 | 7.5 | 8 | 14% BeO |
| Biotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)3(Si3Al) O10(OH,F)2 | Mon | 2.7 | 3.3 | 2.5 | 3 | Common black mica of the biotite-phlogopite series |
| Bismite | Bi2O3 | Mon | 8.64 | 9.22 | 4.5 | 0 | 72% Bi |
| Bismuth | Bi | Trig | 9.7 | 9.8 | 2 | 2.5 | Cl (0001) |
| Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 | Orth | 6.78 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Cl (010). 81% Bi |
| Bismutite | Bi2O2(CO3) | Orth | 6.7 | 7.4 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 75% Bi |
| Black Jack | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sphalerite | ||
| Blende | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sphalerite | ||
| Bloodstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A dark green/greenish- blue chalcedony with small red blood-like spots | ||
| Blue vitriol | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Chalcanthite | ||
| Böehmite | AlO(OH) | Orth | 3.02 | 3.05 | 3.5 | 0 | In bauxite. 85% Al2O3 |
| Boracite | Mg3B7O13Cl | Orth | 2.91 | 3.1 | 7 | 7.5 | 62% B2O3 |
| Borax | Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O | Mon | 1.7 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Cl (100). 36.5% B2O3 |
| Bornite | Cu5FeS4 | Orth | 5.06 | 5.09 | 3 | 0 | Purple-blue tarnish. 63.3% Cu |
| Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 | Mon | 6.2 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | 55% Pb, 25% Sb |
| Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 | Orth | 5.83 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Easily fusible. 13% Cu, 42% Pb, 25% Sb |
| Brannerite | (U4+,REE,Th,Ca) (Ti,Fe3+)2(O)6 | Mon | 4.2 | 5.43 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 30 – 50% U3O8 |
| Braunite | Mn2+(Mn3+)6SiO12 | Tet | 4.72 | 4.83 | 6 | 6.5 | 64% Mn |
| Bravoite | (Ni,Fe)S2 | Iso | 4.62 | 4.72 | 6.5 | 0 | Steel grey. 24% Ni |
| Brazilian emerald | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Green tourmaline | ||
| Brittle mica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See chloritoid, margarite, ottrelite | ||
| Brochantite | Cu4(OH)6SO4 | Mon | 3.97 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | A common secondary copper hydroxy sulfate. 56% Cu |
| Bromargyrite | AgBr | Iso | 6.474 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Chlorargyrite Group. 57 – 65% Ag |
| Bronzite | Ca(Mg,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2 | Orth | 3.1 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 0 | Enstatite with 5 – 13% FeO |
| Brookite | TiO2 | Orth | 4.08 | 4.18 | 5.5 | 6 | Adamantine lustre |
| Brucite | Mg(OH)2 | Trig | 2.39 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Cl (0001). 69% MgO |
| Bytownite | (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 | Trig | 2.74 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | A plagioclase feldspar |
| C | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Cairngorm | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Smoky to black quartz | ||
| Calamine | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hemimorphite | |
| Calaverite | AuTe2 | Mon | 9.1 | 9.4 | 2.5 | 3 | Easily fusible. 42% Au |
| Calcite | CaCO3 | Trig | 2.7102 | 0 | 3 | 0 | Fluorescent, Cl (1011), 56% CaO |
| Californite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Gem idocrase | ||
| Calomel | HgCl | Tet | 7.15 | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | 85% Hg |
| Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,[])8(Al6Si6) O24(Co3,SO4)2·2H2O | Hex | 2.42 | 2.51 | 5 | 6 | A feldspathoid |
| Capillary pyrites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Millerite | ||
| Carnallite | KMgCl3·6H2O | Orth | 1.6 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 9.1 – 9.4Deliquescent. 16.8% K2O, 14.6% MgO |
| Carnelian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Red chalcedony | ||
| Carnotite | K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O | Mon | 4.7 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 50% U3O8, 20% V2O5 |
| Cassiterite | SnO2 | Tet | 6.98 | 7.01 | 6 | 7 | Lustre adamantine. 78.6% Sn |
| Cat’s-eye | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Gem variety of chrysoberyl or quartz | ||
| Celestine | SrSO4 | Orth | 3.96 | 3.98 | 3 | 3.5 | 56% SrO |
| Celsian | BaAl2Si2O8 | Mon | 3.1 | 3.39 | 6 | 6.5 | Feldspar with 41% BaO |
| Cerargyrite | AgCl | Iso | 5.5 | 6 | 2.5 | 0 | Perfectly sectile. 65 – 75% Ag |
| Cerussite | PbCO3 | Orth | 6.53 | 6.57 | 3 | 3.5 | Effer. in HNO3. 77% Pb |
| Cervantite | Sb2O4 | Orth | 6.6 | 0 | 4 | 5 | After stibnite. 79% Sb |
| Chabazite | (Ca,K,Na)(Si,Al)3O6·3H2O | Tric | 2.05 | 2.2 | 4 | 5 | Chabazite now is the name of a series of related minerals |
| Chalcanthite | CuSO4·5H2O | Tric | 2.286 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Soluble in water. 35% Cu |
| Chalcedony | 2.6 | 2.64 | 0 | 0 | Cryptocrystalline quartz | ||
| Chalcocite | Cu2S | Mon | 5.5 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 3 | Imperfectly sectile. 79.8% Cu |
| Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 | Tet | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 4 | Brittle, yellow. 31 – 34.5% Cu |
| Chalcotrichite | Cu2O | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Fibrous cuprite | |
| Chalk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fine grained calcite | ||
| Chalybite | FeCO3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Siderite | |
| Chert | SiO2 | 2.65 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Cryptocrystalline quartz | |
| Chessylite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Azurite | |
| Chiastolite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Andalusite with dark cruciform inclusions | ||
| Chloanthite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Nickel skutterudite, 3.5 – 6.5% Co, 14.5 – 21.5% Ni, 71.5 – 73.5% As | ||
| Chlorargyrite | AgCl | Iso | 5.556 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | AgCl, 75% Ag, member of chlorargyrite group |
| Chlorite | (Mg,Al,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni)4-6 (Si,Al,B,Fe)4O10(OH,O)8 | Mon | 2.6 | 3.3 | 2 | 2.5 | Differentiated by chemical analyses and optical properties into clinochlore, penninite and prochlorite |
| Chloritoid | Fe2+Al2OSiO4(OH)2 | Mon | 3.4 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 0 | Brittle micas of the chloritoid group |
| Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon | 3.16 | 3.26 | 6 | 6.5 | Similar species are clinohumite, humite, norbergite |
| Chromite | Fe2+Cr2O4 | Iso | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 0 | Lustre submetallic, dark brown streak. 43 – 68% Cr2O3 |
| Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 | Orth | 3.75 | 0 | 8.5 | 0 | Crystals tabular. 19.8% BeO |
| Chrysocolla | (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4·nH2O | Orth | 1.93 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 3.5 | Bluish green. 36% Cu |
| Chrysolite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Olivine | ||
| Chrysoprase | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | An apple-green variety of chalcedony | ||
| Chrysotile | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Serpentine asbestos | |
| Cinnabar | HgS | Trig | 8.176 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Red streak. 86% Hg |
| Cinnamon stone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grossularite | ||
| Citrine | SiO2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pale yellow quartz | |
| Clay | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See kaolin, montmorillonite, illite | ||
| Cleavelandite | NaAlSi3O8 | Tric | 2.6 | 2.65 | 6 | 6.5 | White, platy albite |
| Cliachite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Very fine grained to colloidal Al hydroxides in bauxite | ||
| Clinochlore | Mg6Si4O10(OH)8 | Mon | 2.6 | 3.02 | 2 | 2.5 | Most common member of the chlorite group |
| Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 | Mon | 4.38 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Sec. mineral |
| Clinoenstatite | MgSiO3 | Mon | 3.19 | 0 | 5 | 6 | Monoclinic form of enstatite – clinopyroxene subgroup |
| Clinoferrosilite | Fe2+SiO3 | Mon | 3.6 | 0 | 5 | 6 | Clinopyroxene subgroup |
| Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 | Mon | 3.1 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | Humite group |
| Clinozoisite | Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) | Mon | 3.3 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | Crystals striated – epidote group |
| Cobaltite | CoAsS | Orth | 6.33 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | In pyritohedrons. 29 – 35% Co, 43 – 45% As |
| Coffinite | U[SiO4·(OH)4] | Tet | 7.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Black U mineral of sed/ sandst. deps. |
| Cogwheel ore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Bournonite | ||
| Colemanite | CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O | Mon | 2.423 | 0 | 4 | 4.5 | Cl (010) perfect. 50.9% B2O3 |
| Collophane | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A variety of carbonate- rich apatite | ||
| Columbite | (Mn,Fe,Mg)(Nb,Ta)2O6 with Nb>Ta | Orth | 5.2 | 6.7 | 6 | 0 | Lustre submetallic. 31 – 79% Nb2O5, max 52% Ta2O5 (with Nb = Ta) |
| Common salt | NaCl | Iso | 2.168 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Halite |
| Copper | Cu | Iso | 8.9 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Malleable |
| Copper glance | Cu2S | Mon | 5.5 | 5.8 | 2.5 | 3 | Chalcocite |
| Copper nickel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Niccolite | ||
| Copper pyrites | CuFeS2 | Tet | 4.1 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 4 | Chalcopyrite |
| Cordierite | Mg2Al4Si5O18 | Orth | 2.6 | 2.66 | 7 | 7.5 | In m. to high grade metamorphics |
| Corundum | Al2O3 | Rho | 3.98 | 4.14 | 9 | 0 | Rhomb. parting 52.9% Al |
| Cotton-balls | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ulexite | ||
| Covellite | CuS | Hex | 4.6 | 4.76 | 1.5 | 2 | Blue. 66.4% Cu |
| Cristobalite | SiO2 | Tet | 2.32 | 2.36 | 6 | 7 | High temperature quartz, in volcanic rocks (>1470°C) |
| Crocidolite | Na2(Fe,Mg)3(Fe3+)2Si8O22 (OH)2 | Mon | 3.2 | 3.3 | 5 | 5.5 | Blue asbestos variety of riebeckite |
| Crocoite | PbCrO4 | Mon | 5.97 | 6.02 | 2.5 | 3 | Orange-red streak. 23% Cr2O3, 64% Pb |
| Cryolite | Na3AlF6 | Mon | 2.96 | 2.98 | 2.5 | 0 | White. 54.4% F |
| Cubanite | CuFe2S3 | Orth | 4.03 | 4.18 | 3.5 | 0 | 23% Cu |
| Cumming- tonite | []Mg7Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon | 3.1 | 3.6 | 5 | 6 | An amphibole |
| Cuprite | Cu2O | Iso | 6.14 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Brownish red streak. 88.8% Cu |
| Cyanite | Al2OSiO4 | Tri | 3.53 | 3.65 | 5.5 | 7 | Kyanite |
| Cymophane | BeAl2O4 | Orth | 3.75 | 0 | 8.5 | 0 | Chrysoberyl |
| D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Danaite | (Fe,Co)AsS | Mon | 5.9 | 6.2 | 5.5 | 6 | Cobaltian arseno-pyrite, to 12% Co |
| Danburite | CaB2(SiO4)2 | Orth | 2.97 | 3.02 | 7 | 0 | In crystals. 28.4% B2O3 |
| Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) | Mon | 2.96 | 3 | 5 | 5.5 | Usually in crystals. 21.8% B2O3 |
| Davidite | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18 (O,OH,F)38 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Th brannerite. To 9% U3O8 | |
| Demantoid | Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.8 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7 | Green gem andradite |
| Diallage | Ca,Mg,Si,O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | An old name refering to amphibole, pyroxene and/or hypersthene | |
| Diamond | C | Iso | 3.5 | 3.53 | 10 | 0 | Adamantine lustre, fluorescent |
| Diaspore | AlO(OH) | Orth | 3.2 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 7 | 85% Al2O3 |
| Diatomite | 0.4 | 0.6 | 2 | 2.5 | Siliceous tests of diatoms () | ||
| Dichroite | (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18 | Orth | 2.6 | 2.66 | 7 | 7.5 | Cordierite |
| Dickite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon | 2.6 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Kaolin group clay mineral |
| Digenite | Cu9S5 | Iso | 5.546 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Chalcocite-digenite group. 75 – 79% Cu |
| Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 | Mon | 3.22 | 3.38 | 5.5 | 6.5 | Pyroxene group – clinopyroxene subgroup |
| Dioptase | CuSiO3·H2O | Trig | 3.28 | 3.35 | 5 | 0 | Emerald green |
| Disthene | Al2OSiO4 | Trig | 3.53 | 3.65 | 5.5 | 7 | Kyanite |
| Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 | Trig | 2.84 | 2.86 | 3.5 | 4 | Cl (1011). 30.4% CaO, 21.7% MgO, 54.3% CaCO3 |
| Dry-bone ore | ZnCO3 | Trig | 4.42 | 4.44 | 4 | 4.5 | Smithsonite |
| Dumortierite | (Al,[])Al6BSi3O16(O,OH)2 | Orth | 3.26 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | Radiating fibrous |
| E | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Edenite | Ca2NaMg5(AlSi7O22) (OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 0 | 5 | 6 | Pale iron-free hornblende from the amphibole group |
| Electrum | Au,Ag | Iso | 13.5 | 17.5 | 3 | 0 | Natural Au-Ag alloy with >20% Ag |
| Eleolite | (Na,K)AlSiO4 | Hex | 2.55 | 2.66 | 5.5 | 6 | Nepheline |
| Embolite | Ag(Cl,Br) with Cl = Br | Iso | 5.6 | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | Intermediate between cerargyrite and bromyrite |
| Emerald | Be3Al2Si6O18 | Hex | 2.63 | 2.92 | 7.5 | 8 | Green gem beryl |
| Emery | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Corundum with spinel magnetite and hematite | ||
| Enargite | Cu3AsS4 | Orth | 4.43 | 4.45 | 3 | 0 | Cl (110). 48.3% Cu, 19.1% As |
| Endlichite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Arsenical vanadinite, As replacing V | ||
| Enstatite | MgSiO3 | Orth | 3.2 | 3.9 | 5 | 6 | A pyroxene |
| Epidote | Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4) O(OH) | Mon | 3.38 | 3.49 | 6 | 0 | The Al2Fe3+ analogue of clinozoisite Cl (001) |
| Epsomite | MgSO4·7H2O | Orth | 1.675 | 1.679 | 2 | 2.5 | Bitter taste. 16.3% MgO |
| Epsom salt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Epsomite | ||
| Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O | Mon | 3.06 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Pink cobalt bloom. 37% Co |
| Essonite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Grossularite | ||
| Euclase | BeAlSiO4(OH) | Mon | 2.99 | 3.1 | 7.5 | 0 | Cl (010). 17% BeO |
| Eucryptite | LiAlSiO4 | Trig | 2.657 | 2.666 | 6.5 | 0 | Phenakite group. After spodumene, fluorescent |
| Euxenite | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 | Orth | 5.3 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 22 – 30% REO, max. 8% U3O8, 30 – 50% (Nb2O5+Ta2O5) |
| F | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Fahlore | (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)12Sb4S13 | Iso | 4.97 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Tetrahedrite |
| Fayalite | Fe2SiO4 | Orth | 4.14 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | Iron olivine |
| Feather ore | Pb4FeSb6S14 | Orth | 5.63 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Jamesonite |
| Feldspar group | M.Al(Al,Si)3O8, M = K,Na,Ca,Ba,Rb,Sr,Fe | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See plagioclase, celsian, potassium feldspar | |
| Feldspathoid group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See cancrinite, lazurite, leucite, nepheline, petalite, sodalite | ||
| Ferberite | Fe2+WO4 | Orth | 7.58 | 0 | 4 | 4.5 | Wolframite series, 76.3% WO3 |
| Fergusonite | (RE,Fe)(Nb,Ta,Ti) O4 | Tet | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.5 | 7.5 | Max 46% REO, 10% U3O8, 54% Nb2O5 |
| Ferrimolybdite | (Fe3+)2(Mo6+O4)3·7H2O | Orth | 2.99 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 39% Mo commonly formed from the alteration of molybdenite |
| Ferrosilite | (Fe2+)2(SiO3)2 | Orth | 3.6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | A pyroxene enstatite- ferrosilite series |
| Fibrolite | Al2OSiO4 | Orth | 0 | 0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | Fibrous sillimanite |
| Flint | SiO2 | 2.65 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Cryptocrystalline quartz | |
| Florencite | CeAl3(PO4)2(OH)6 | Hex | 3.6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | The original name given to the cerium- dominant member of what is now a group of related phosphates and arsenates |
| Flos ferri | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | A stalactitic variety of aragonite | ||
| Fluorite | CaF2 | Iso | 3.175 | 3.56 | 4 | 0 | Cl octahedral, fluorescent, 48.9% F |
| Formanite | YTaO4 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | Fergusonite with Y | |
| Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 | Orth | 3.27 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Magnesian olivine |
| Fowlerite | (Mn,Zn)SiO3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Zinc-bearing rhodonite | |
| Franklinite | Zn(Fe3+)2O4 | Iso | 5.07 | 5.22 | 5.5 | 6 | Spinel group, dark brown streak, 5 – 19% Zn |
| Freibergite | Ag6Cu4Fe2Sb4S13 | 5.41 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Argentiferous tetrahedrite | |
| Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2 | Mon | 2.76 | 2.88 | 2 | 2.5 | Cr rich muscovite |
| G | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Gadolinite | Be2Fe2+Y2Si2O10 | Mon | 4 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 7 | Nom. 48% REO, 10% BeO |
| Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso | 4.62 | 0 | 7.5 | 8 | Zn spinel, green octahedrons |
| Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso | 4.03 | 0 | 7.5 | 8 | Mn spinel |
| Galena | PbS | Iso | 7.4 | 7.6 | 2.5 | 0 | Cl cubic. 86.6% Pb |
| Garnet group | A3B2(SiO4)3 A = Ca,Mg,Fe2+,Mn2+; B = Al,Fe3+,Mn3+,Cr | Iso | 3.5 | 4.3 | 6.5 | 7.5 | See almandite, andradite, grossularite, pyrope, spessartite, uvarovite |
| Garnierite | (Ni,Mg)3Si2O5(OH)4 | Amor | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2 | 3 | Generic name for a green nickel ore. 25 – 30% Ni |
| Gaylussite | Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O | Mon | 1.991 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Easily fusible. 20% Na2O |
| Gedrite | []Mg5Al2(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2 | Orth | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | Al-rich anthophyllite |
| Geocronite | Pb14(Sb,As)6S23 | Orth | 6.46 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | 69% Pb, 8% Sb, 5% As |
| Gersdorffite | NiAsS | Iso | 5.9 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | 35% Ni, 45% As |
| Geyserite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Opal of hot spring deposits | ||
| Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 | Mon | 2.38 | 2.42 | 2.5 | 3 | 65.4% Al2O3 |
| Glauberite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 | Mon | 2.75 | 2.85 | 2.5 | 3 | 22% Na2O |
| Glaucodot | CO0.5Fe0.5AsS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Danaite – a Co-bearing variety of arsenopyrite | |
| Glauconite | (K,Na)(Al,Fe3+,Mg)2 (Al,Si)4O10(OH)2 | Mon | 2.4 | 2.95 | 2 | 0 | Green sand mica of marine sediments |
| Glaucophane | []Na2(Mg3Al2)Si8O22(OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.2 | 5 | 6 | Na amphibole |
| Gmelinite | (Na,Ca)(Si8Al4)O24·11H2O | Hex | 2.04 | 2.17 | 4.5 | 0 | Zeolite group, var. of chabazite |
| Goethite | FeO(OH) | Orth | 4.27 | 4.29 | 5 | 5.5 | Diaspore group, Cl (010), 62% Fe |
| Gold | Au | Iso | 15 | 19.3 | 2.5 | 3 | Yellow, soft |
| Goslarite | ZnSO4·7H2O | Orth | 1.978 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Sol. in water. 22% Zn |
| Graphite | C | Hex | 2.09 | 2.23 | 1 | 2 | Black, platy |
| Grey copper | (Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)12Sb4S13 | Iso | 4.97 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Tetrahedrite |
| Greenockite | CdS | Hex | 4.8 | 4.9 | 3 | 3.5 | Yellow-orange. 77.8% Cd |
| Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.594 | 0 | 6.5 | 7 | A garnet |
| Gummite | UO3·nH2O | 3.9 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 5 | Field name for hydrous U oxides. 60 – 80% U3O8 | |
| Gypsum | CaSO4·2H2O | Mon | 2.312 | 2.322 | 2 | 0 | Cl (010), (100), (011). 32.5% CaO |
| H | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Halite | NaCl | Iso | 2.168 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Natural salt. 53% Na2O equiv. |
| Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon | 2 | 2.6 | 1 | 2 | Clay mineral |
| Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32·12H2O | Mon | 2.41 | 2.47 | 4 | 5 | Zeolite group, harmotome-phillipsite- Ca series |
| Hastingsite | Na,Ca2[(Fe2+)4Fe3+](Si6Al2) O22(OH)2 | Mon | 3.2 | 0 | 5 | 6 | Amphibole group, calcic clino-amphibole subgroup |
| Hausmannite | Mn3O4 | Tet | 4.83 | 4.85 | 5.5 | 0 | 72% Mn |
| Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) | Iso | 2.44 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 6 | Sodalite group |
| Heavy spar | BaSO4 | Orth | 4.5 | 0 | 3 | 3.5 | Barite |
| Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 | Trig | 5.82 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Brassy yellow, to 73% Ni |
| Hectorite | Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(F,OH)2 ·nH2O | Mon | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Li montmorillonite |
| Hedenbergite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) | Mon | 3.56 | 0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | End member of diopside series |
| Heliotrope | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Synonym of bloodstone, green and red chalcedony | ||
| Helvite | Mn4Be3(SiO4)3S | Iso | 3.2 | 3.44 | 6 | 6.5 | Helvite group, danalite- helvite series, in pegmatites |
| Hematite | Fe2O3 | Trig | 5.26 | 0 | 5 | 6 | Brownish red streak. 70% Fe |
| Hemimorphite | Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O | Orth | 3.475 | 0 | 4.5 | 5 | Cl (110). 54% Zn |
| Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso | 4.39 | 0 | 7.5 | 0 | Iron spinel |
| Hessite | Ag2Te | Mon | 8.24 | 8.45 | 1 | 1.5 | Grey |
| Heulandite | Na,Ca4(Si27Al9)O72·24H2O | Mon | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.5 | Heulandite now refers to a group of related minerals |
| Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 | Mon | 3.1 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 7 | Green spodumene |
| Holmquistite | []Li2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 | Orth | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | Lithium-bearing glaucophane, amphibole group |
| Hornblende | (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si7Al) O22(OH,F) | Mon | 3 | 3.4 | 6 | 0 | Common amphibole |
| Horn silver | AgCl | Iso | 5.556 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | A synonym for chlorargyrite |
| Hübnerite | Mn2+WO4 | Mon | 4 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | Ferberite-hübnerite series. 76.6% WO3 |
| Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2 | Orth | 3.1 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | Humite group |
| Hyacinth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Brownish to red-orange zircon | ||
| Hyalite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Globular, colourless opal | ||
| Hyalophane | (K,Ba)(Al,Si)4O8 | Mon | 2.8 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Ba-rich orthoclase |
| Hydromica | K,Al,Mg,Si,H2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Variety of Illite very low in K and high in water | |
| Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 | Mon | 3.5 | 4 | 2 | 2.5 | Alteration product generally of sphalerite, also of hemimorphite, and smithsonite. 59% Zn |
| Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 | Orth | 3.4 | 3.5 | 5 | 6 | Regarded as a synonym of enstatite or ferrosilite |
| I | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Ice | H2O | 0.917 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | ||
| Iceland spar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Optically clear calcite | ||
| Iddingsite | MgOFe2O33SiO2·4(H2O) | Orth | 3.5 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.5 | After olivine |
| Idocrase | Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10 (Si2O7)4 (OH,F,O)10 | Tet | 3.35 | 3.45 | 6.5 | 0 | Prismatic crystals |
| Illite | (K,H3O)Al2(Si3Al) O10(H2O,OH)2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Mica-like clay mineral, about 38% Al2O3 | |
| Ilmenite | FeTiO3 | Rho | 4.7 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | Slightly magnetic. 52.6% TiO2 |
| Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb,Fe)O2 | 5.1 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | Black, end member of struverite series | |
| Ilvaite | CaFe3+(Fe2+)2O(Si2O7)(OH) | Orth | 4 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | Black or brown |
| Indicolite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dark blue tourmaline | ||
| Iodobromite | Ag(Cl,Br,I) | Iso | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | To about 15% I, 60% Ag |
| Iodyrite | AgI | Hex | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Sectile. 45% Ag |
| Iolite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cordierite (gem var.) | ||
| Iridium | Ir | Iso | 5.7 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Platinoid metal |
| Iridosmine | Ir,Os | Rho | 5.7 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Platinoid. Max. 77% Ir, max. 80% Os |
| Iron pyrites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pyrite | ||
| J | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Jacinth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hyacinth | ||
| Jacobsite | Mn2+(Fe3+)2O4 | Iso | 4.75 | 0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | A black magnetic spinel |
| Jade | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See nephrite and jadeite | ||
| Jadeite | NaAlSi2O6 | Mon | 3.3 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 7 | Green pyroxene jade |
| Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 | Mon | 5.5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 50.8% Pb, 29.5% Sb |
| Jargon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Clear, yellow or smoky zircon | ||
| Jarosite | K(Fe3+)3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Rho | 2.91 | 3.26 | 3 | 0 | 6 – 9% K2O |
| Jasper | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Red cryptocrystalline quartz | ||
| Johannsenite | CaMn2+Si2O6 | Mon | 3.4 | 3.6 | 5 | 6 | Brownish-greenish grey |
| K | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Kainite | MgSO4·KCl·3H2O | Mon | 2.1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 19% K2O, 16% MgO |
| Kalinite | KAl(SO4)2·11H2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Potash alum | |
| Kaliophilite | K(AlSiO4) | Hex | 2.61 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Dimorph. with kalsilite. 30% K2O, 32% Al2O3 |
| Kalsilite | KAlSiO4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | End member of nepheline series | |
| Kaolin group | LiAlSi2O6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Family of clay minerals, see anauxite, dickite, kaolinite, nacrite, with 39.5% Al2O3 | |
| Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon | 2.6 | 2.65 | 2 | 2.5 | Earthy |
| Kernite | Na2B4O6(OH)2·3(H2O) | Mon | 1.95 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 22.7% Na2O, 51% B2O3 |
| Krennerite | (Au,Ag)Te2 | Orth | 8.62 | 0 | 2 | 3 | Basal cleavage |
| Kunzite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pink spodumene | ||
| Kyanite | Al2SiO5 | Tric | 1.95 | 0 | 5 | 7 | Blue, Cl (100) perfect, bladed xals. Marked hardness anisotropy |
| L | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Labradorite | (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 | Tric | 2.71 | 0 | 6 | 0 | A plagioclase feldspar |
| Langbeinite | K2Mg2(SO4)3 | Iso | 2.83 | 0 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 22.7% K2O, or 42% K2SO4 |
| Lapis lazuli | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Impure lazurite | ||
| Larsenite | PbZnSiO4 | Orth | 5.9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | Rare olivine |
| Laumontite | Ca(Si4Al2)O12·4H2O | Mon | 2.28 | 0 | 4 | 0 | A zeolite |
| Lawsonite | CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O | Orth | 3.09 | 0 | 8 | 0 | In gneisses and schists |
| Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.1 | 5 | 5.5 | Blue gemstone |
| Lazurite | Na3CaAl3Si3O12S | Iso | 2.4 | 2.45 | 5 | 5.5 | A feldspathoid |
| Lechatelierite | SiO2 | Amor | 2.2 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Fused silica |
| Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) | Orth | 4.09 | 0 | 5 | 0 | With goethite. 62% Fe |
| Lepidolite | K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(F,OH)2 | Mon | 2.8 | 3 | 2.5 | 4 | Lithium mica with about 5% Li2O |
| Leucite | K(AlSi2O6) | Iso? | 2.45 | 2.5 | 5.5 | 6 | A feldspathoid |
| Leucoxene | FeTiO3 to TiO2 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 0 | 0 | Whitish, opaque ilmenite alteration products | |
| Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) | Orth | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 53% Cu, 29% P2O5 |
| Liddicoatite | Ca(Li,Al)3Al6(BO3)3Si6O18 (OH)4 | Hex | 3 | 3.1 | 7 | 7.5 | Uncommon form of tourmaline |
| Limonite | Fe3+O(OH) | Amor | 3.6 | 4 | 5 | 5.5 | Field name for brown amorphous hydrous iron oxides, yellowish brown streak, about 60% Fe |
| Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 | Mon | 5.3 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Deep blue. 15% Cu, 51% Pb |
| Linnaeite | Co3S4 | Iso | 4.8 | 0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 58% Co, to 7% Ni |
| Lithia mica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Lepidolite | ||
| Lithiophilite | Li(Mn2+)PO4 | Orth | 3.5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | End member of triphy- lite series. 9.5% Li2O, 45% P2O5 |
| Loellingite | FeAs2 | Orth | 7.4 | 7.5 | 5 | 5.5 | 72.8% As |
| M | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Magnesio- chromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso | 4.2 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | End member of chromite series, with 21% MgO, 79% Cr2O3 |
| Magnesio- ferrite | MgFe3+2O4 | Iso | 4.5 | 0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | A spinel. 20% MgO, 56% Fe for MgFe2O4 |
| Magnesite | MgCO3 | Rho | 3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 5 | Commonly massive, sticks to thetongue, 47.6% MgO |
| Magnetic pyrites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pyrrhotite | ||
| Magnetite | Fe3+Fe2+2O4 | Iso | 5.18 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Iron spinel, strongly magnetic, black streak. 72.4% Fe for Fe3O4 |
| Malachite | Cu2CO3(OH)2 | Mon | 3.9 | 4.03 | 3.5 | 4 | Green. 57.3% Cu |
| Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) | Orth | 4.3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Prismatic crystals, dark brown streak. 62% Mn |
| Manganosite | MnO | Iso | 5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 0 | 77% Mn |
| Mangano- tantalite | Mn2+Ta2O6 | Orth | 7.3 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | Tantalite with Mn: Fe :: 3:1, 10% Mn, 84% (Nb2O5+Ta2O5) |
| Marcasite | FeS2 | Orth | 4.89 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | White iron pyrites. 46.5% Fe |
| Margarite | CaAl4Si2O10(OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 5 | A brittle mica |
| Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl | Tet | 2.7 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | End member of scapolite series |
| Marmatite | (ZnFe)S | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Iron rich sphalerite, to 20% Fe | |
| Martite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Haematite octahedrons after magnetite | ||
| Meerschaum | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sepiolite | ||
| Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24(CO3) | Tet | 2.7 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | End member of scapolite series |
| Melaconite | CuO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Tenorite | |
| Melanite | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO )4Ti3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Black andradite | |
| Melanterite | FeSO4·7H2O | Mon | 1.9 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Green-blue |
| Melilite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)2O7 | Tet | 2.9 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | |
| Menaccanite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ilmenite | ||
| Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 | Orth | 6.36 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Jamesonite family |
| Mercury | Hg | 13.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fluid, quicksilver | |
| Miargyrite | AgSbS2 | Mon | 5.2 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 0 | Cherry red streak. 36% Ag, 41% Sb |
| Mica group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See biotite, brittle mica, lepidolite, muscovite, phlogopite | ||
| Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) | Tric | 2.54 | 2.57 | 6 | 3.5 | Triclinic K feldspar |
| Microlite | (Na,Ca)2Ta2O6(O,OH,F) | Iso | 6.33 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | End member of pyrochlore series,75 – 80% (Nb2O5+Ta2O5) |
| Microperthite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Microcline and albite micro layers | ||
| Millerite | NiS | Rho | 5.3 | 5.7 | 3 | 0 | Capillary crystals 64.7% Ni |
| Mimetite | Pb5Cl(AsO4)3 | Hex | 7 | 7.2 | 3.5 | 0 | Like pyromorphite. 69% Pb, 15% As |
| Minium | Pb3O4 | 8.9 | 9.2 | 2.5 | 0 | 90% Pb | |
| Mispickel | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Arsenopyrite | ||
| Molybdenite | MoS2 | Hex | 4.62 | 4.73 | 1 | 1.5 | Platy. 60% Mo |
| Molybdite | MoO3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ferrimolybdite | |
| Monazite | (Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4 | Mon | 3.2 | 0 | 5 | 5.5 | Max 30% ThO2, max 65% REO |
| Monticellite | CaMgSiO4 | Orth | 2.5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | Rare olivine |
| Montmorill- onite | (Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10 (OH)2·n(H2O) | Mon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Clay mineral |
| Montmorillonite group | Family of clay minerals with 39.5% Al2O3, see beidellite,hectorite, montmorillonite, nontronite and saponite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Moonstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Opalescent albite or orthoclase | ||
| Morganite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Rose beryl | ||
| Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x(x~0.4) | Orth | 3.23 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Formed by heating andalusitekyanite or sillimanite |
| Muscovite | KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 | Mon | 2.76 | 3.1 | 2 | 2.5 | Common clear mica |
| N | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Nacrite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 | Mon | 2.6 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Kaolin group clay mineral |
| Nagyagite | [Pb(Pb,Sb)S2][(Au,Te)] | Mon | 7.4 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Rare |
| Natroalunite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Alunite with Na>K | ||
| Natrojarosite | NaFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 | Hex | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.5 | Only in tiny crystals |
| Natrolite | Na2(Al2Si3O10)·2H2O | Mon | 2.25 | 0 | 5 | 5.5 | A zeolite |
| Nepheline | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 | Hex | 2.55 | 2.65 | 5.5 | 6 | A feldspathoid. 22% Na2O, 36% Al2O3 |
| Nephrite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Jade-like var. of tremolite | ||
| Niccolite | NiAs | Hex | 7.78 | 0 | 5 | 5.5 | Copper-red. 43.9% Ni |
| Nickel bloom | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Annabergite | ||
| Nickel iron | Ni,Fe | Iso | 7.8 | 8.2 | 5 | 0 | In meteorites, 5 – 15% Ni |
| Nickel skutterudite | NiAs2-3 | Iso | 6.1 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 6 | 2 – 6% Co, 12 – 20% Ni, 73 – 78% As |
| Nitre | KNO3 | Orth | 2.09 | 2.14 | 2 | 0 | Saltpetre |
| Nontronite | Na0.3(Fe3+)2(SiAl)4O10(OH)2 ·nH2O | Mon | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Montmorillonite group clay mineral |
| Norbergite | Mg3SiO4F2 | Orth | 3.1 | 3.2 | 6 | 0 | Chondrodite group |
| Nosean (Noselite) | Na8Al6Si6O24·(SO4)·H2O | Iso | 2.25 | 2.4 | 6 | 0 | A feldspathoid |
| O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Octahedrite | TiO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Anatase | |
| Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 | Tri | 2.65 | 0 | 6 | 0 | A plagioclase feldspar |
| Olivine group | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (Forsterite-Fayalite series), also rarer members larsenite, monticellite, tephroite | |
| Omphacite | (Ca,Na)(MgFe2+,Fe3+,Al)Si2O6 | Mon | 3.3 | 3.4 | 5 | 6 | Light to dark green |
| Onyx | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Layered chalcedony | ||
| Opal | SiO2·nH2O | Amor | 1.9 | 2.2 | 5 | 6 | Conchoidal fracture |
| Orpiment | As2S3 | Mon | 3.49 | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | Yellow. 61% As |
| Orthite | (Ce,Ca,Y)2(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3OH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Allanite | |
| Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) | Mon | 2.57 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Hex. iridosmine |
| Osmiridium | (Ir,Os) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Common K feldspar | |
| Otavite | CdCO3 | Hex | 5 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | In cadmium deposits |
| Ottrelite | (Mn2+)Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 | Mon | 3.5 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Mn chloritoid |
| P | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Palladium | Pd | Iso | 11.9 | 0 | 4.5 | 5 | With platinum |
| Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) | Tric | 4.5 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | Pale to dark yellow |
| Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | Mon | 2.85 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Na muscovite |
| Pargasite | NaCa2(Mg4Al) (Si6Al2) O22(OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 0 | Greenish Na hornblende |
| Patronite | VS4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Vanadium ore (Peru) | |
| Peacock ore | Cu5FeS4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Bornite | |
| Pearceite | Cu(Ag,Cu)6Ag9As2S11 | Mon | 6.15 | 0 | 3 | 0 | Var. of polybasite |
| Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) | Tric | 2.7 | 2.8 | 5 | 0 | Crystals acicular |
| Penninite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Chlorite variety | ||
| Pentlandite | (Fe,Ni)9S8 | Iso | 4.6 | 5.3 | 3.5 | 4 | With pyrrhotite. 34 – 35% Ni |
| Periclase | MgO | Iso | 3.6 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 6 | Contact met. mineral |
| Peridot | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Gem olivine | ||
| Perovskite | CaTiO3 | Iso | 4.03 | 0 | 5.5 | 0 | 58% TiO2, variable REO |
| Perthite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Microcline and albite intergrowth | ||
| Petalite | Li(AlSi4O10) | Mon | 2.4 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | A feldspathoid. 5% Li2O |
| Petzite | Ag3AuTe2 | Iso? | 8.7 | 9 | 2.5 | 3 | |
| Pezzottaite | Cs(Be2Li)Al2Si6O18 | Hex | 2.9 | 3 | 8 | 0 | Pink to red |
| Phenacite | Be2SiO4 | Rho | 2.97 | 3 | 7.5 | 8 | In pegmatites. 45.6% BeO |
| Phillipsite | (Na6,K6,Ca3)(Si10Al6) O32·12H2O | Mon | 2.2 | 0 | 4.5 | 5 | Var. of stilbite |
| Phlogopite | K(Mg)3AlSi3O10(OH)2 | Mon | 2.86 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Brown mica |
| Phosgenite | Pb2Cl2CO3 | Tet | 6 | 6.3 | 3 | 0 | Easily fusible. 75% Pb |
| Phosphurany- lite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4 O4·8(H2O) | Tet | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Yellow secondary U mineral |
| Picotite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cr spinel | ||
| Piedmontite | (Ca,Pb,Ce)2(Mn,Fe)Al2(Si2O7) (SiO4)(O,OH)2 | Mon | 3.4 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | Reddish brown |
| Pigeonite | (Ca,Mg,Fe)SiO3 | Mon | 3.2 | 3.4 | 5 | 6 | Pyroxene in basic volcanics |
| Pinite | K,Al,Si,O(?) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Muscovite after other minerals | |
| Pitchblende | UO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Uraninite | |
| Plagioclase | NaAlSi3O8 (albite-Ab100 An0) to CaAl2Si2O8 (anorthite- Ab0An100) | Tric | 2.62 | 2.76 | 6 | 0 | See albite, oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, bytownite, anorthite |
| Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 | Mon | 5.56 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Jamesonite series |
| Platinum | Pt alloy | Iso | 14 | 19 | 4 | 4.5 | Grains in placers |
| Pleonaste | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Iron spinel | ||
| Plumbago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Graphite | ||
| Polianite | MnO2 | Tet | 14 | 19 | 6 | 6.5 | Crystalline pyrolusite |
| Pollucite | Cs(Si2Al)O6·nH2O | Iso | 2.9 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | Colourless > 42% Cs2O |
| Polybasite | Cu(AgCu)6Ag9Sb2S11 | Mon | 6 | 6.2 | 2 | 3 | 74% Ag, 10% Sb, to 12% Cu |
| Polycrase | AB2(O,OH)6 A = Y,Ce,Ca,U,Th B = Ti,Nb,Ta,Fe | Orth | 4.7 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 14 – 30% REO, max 13% U3O8, max 26% (Nb2O5+Ta2O5) |
| Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O | Tric | 2.78 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | Bitter taste. 15.6% K2O |
| Potash alum | KAl(SO4)2·12H2O | Iso | 1.75 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | 6 – 10% K2O |
| Potassium feldspar | KAlSi3O8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See orthoclase, microcline | |
| Potash mica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Muscovite | ||
| Powellite | CaMoO4 | Tet | 4.23 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Fluorescent. 48% Mo |
| Prase | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Dull green jasper | ||
| Prehnite | Ca2Al2(Si3O10)(OH)2 | Orth | 2.8 | 2.95 | 6 | 6.5 | Tabular crystals |
| Prochlorite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Chlorite variety | ||
| Proustite | Ag3AsS3 | Rho | 5.55 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Light ruby silver, red streak. 65.4% Ag, 15.2% As |
| Psilomelane | (Ba,H2O)2Mn5O10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Field name for massive, hard-manganese minerals. About 50% Mn | |
| Purple copper ore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Bornite | ||
| Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 | Rho | 5.85 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Dark ruby silver, red streak. 22.3% Sb, 59.9% Ag |
| Pyrite | FeS2 | Iso | 5.02 | 0 | 6 | 6.5 | Crystals striated. 46.5% Fe |
| Pyrochlore | Ca2Nb2O7 | Iso | 4.2 | 4.5 | 5 | 0 | Infusible. 3 – 6% REO, 56 – 73% Nb2O5 |
| Pyrolusite | MnO2 | Tet | 4.75 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Sooty. 63.2% Mn |
| Pyromorphite | Pb5(PO4)3Cl | Hex | 6.5 | 7.1 | 3.5 | 4 | Adamantine lustre. 49 – 76% Pb, max 8% As |
| Pyrope | Mg3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.51 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Dark red garnet |
| Pyrophyllite | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 | Mon | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1 | 2 | Resembles talc |
| Pyroxene group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See aegerine, augite, diopside, enstatite, jadeite, spodumene | ||
| Pyrrhotite (1) | Fe7S8 | Mon | 4.58 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Magnetic, 59.5% Fe |
| Pyrrhotite (2) | Fe11S12 | Hex | 4.65 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Nonmagnetic, 62% Fe |
| Q | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Quartz | SiO2 | Rho | 2.65 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 46.7% Si |
| R | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 | Orth | 7.1 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | 28% Ni |
| Rasorite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Kernite | ||
| Realgar | AsS | Mon | 3.48 | 0 | 1.5 | 2 | Red. 70% As |
| Red copper ore | Cu2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cuprite | |
| Red ochre | Fe2O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Haematite | |
| Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 | Rho | 3.45 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 4.5 | Pink. 49% Mn |
| Rhodolite | (Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.84 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Pale red or purple garnet |
| Rhodonite | (Mn2+)SiO3 | Tric | 3.58 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 6 | Pink. 42% Mn |
| Riebeckite | []Na2Fe2+3Fe3+2(Si8O22) (O2H) | Mon | 3.44 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Amphibole, end member of glaucophane series |
| Rock crystal | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Euhedral clear quartz | ||
| Rock salt | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Halite | ||
| Roscoelite | K(V,Al)3Si3O10(OH)2 | Mon | 2.97 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Vanadium mica |
| Rubellite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Red or pink tourmaline | ||
| Ruby | Al2O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Red gem corundum | |
| Ruby copper | Cu2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cuprite | |
| Ruby silver | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pyrargyrite or proustite | ||
| Rutile | TiO2 | Tet | 4.18 | 4.25 | 6 | 6.5 | Adamantine lustre |
| S | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Saleeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2·10H2O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Platy sec. U mineral, autunite series, fluorescent | |
| Samarskite | (Y,Ce,U,Fe,Nb)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 | Orth | 4.1 | 6.2 | 5 | 6 | 10 – 22% REO, 28 – 46% Nb2O5, 2 – 27% Ta2O5, 0 – 12% U3O8 |
| Sanidine | (K,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | High temperature orthoclase | |
| Saponite | (Ca,Na)0.3(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10 (OH)2·4H2O | Mon | 2.5 | 0 | 1 | 1.5 | Montmorillonite group clay mineral |
| Sapphire | Al2O3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Blue gem corundum | |
| Satin spar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fibrous gypsum | ||
| Scapolite | (Na,Ca)4(Si,Al)12O24 (Cl,CO3,So4) | Tet | 2.65 | 2.74 | 5 | 6 | Metamorphic, fluorescent |
| Scheelite | CaWO4 | Tet | 5.9 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 5 | Fluorescent. 70 – 80% WO3 |
| Schorlite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Common black tourmaline | ||
| Scolesite | Ca(Al2Si3O10)·3H2O | Mon | 2.16 | 2.4 | 5 | 5.5 | A zeolite |
| Scorodite | Fe2+AsO4·2H2O | Orth | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 4 | Green to brown. About 32% As |
| Scorzalite | (Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon | 3.35 | 0 | 5.5 | 6 | End member of lazulite series |
| Selenite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Clear crystalline gypsum | ||
| Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 | Mon | 5.8 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Jamesonite series |
| Sepiolite | Mg4(Si2O5)3(OH)2·6H2O | Mon? | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Meerschaum, light, sec. With serpentine |
| Sericite | K,Al,Si,O | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Fine-grained muscovite | |
| Serpentine | Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 | Mon | 2.2 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 43% MgO |
| Siderite | FeCO3 | Rho | 3.83 | 3.88 | 3.5 | 4 | 48.2% Fe |
| Siegenite | CoNi2S4 | Iso | 4.8 | 0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | Linnaeite series.29% Co, 29% Ni |
| Sillimanite | Al2SiO5 | Orth | 3.23 | 0 | 6 | 7 | Cl (010) perfect. 63.2% Al2O3 |
| Silver | Ag | Iso | 10.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | White, malleable |
| Silver glance | CoAs3-x | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Argentite | |
| Sklodowskite | Mg(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 ·6H2O | Orth | 3.54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 64% U3O8 |
| Skutterudite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As3 | Iso | 6.1 | 6.9 | 5 | 0 | 11 – 21% Co, 73 – 79% As, 0 – 9% Ni |
| Smaltite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Skutterudite variety. 13 – 24% Co,63 – 71% As, 1 – 15% Ni | ||
| Smithsonite | ZnCO3 | Rho | 4.35 | 4.4 | 5 | 0 | 52% Zn |
| Soapstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Talc | ||
| Sodalite | Na4Al3Si3O12Cl | Iso | 2.15 | 2.3 | 5.5 | 6 | A feldspathoid |
| Soda nitre | NaNO3 | Rho | 2.29 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 36.5% Na2O |
| Spathic iron | FeCo3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Siderite | |
| Specular iron | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Foliated haematite | ||
| Sperrylite | PtAs2 | Iso | 10.5 | 0 | 6 | 7 | 54% Pt |
| Spessartite | Mn3Al2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 4.18 | 0 | 7 | 0 | Brown to red garnet |
| Sphaero- cobaltite | CoCO3 | Hex | 4.13 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Pink to red |
| Sphalerite | ZnS | Iso | 3.9 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4 | 38 – 67% Zn, max 5% Cd |
| Sphene | CaTiO(SiO4) | Mon | 3.4 | 3.55 | 5 | 5.5 | Wedge-shaped xals. 40% TiO2. Titanite |
| Spinel group | (Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn)Al2O4 | Iso | 3.6 | 4 | 8 | 0 | In octahedrons |
| Spodumene | LiAl(Si2O6) | Mon | 3.15 | 3.2 | 6.5 | 7 | A pyroxene. 8% Li2O |
| Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 | Tet | 4.4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Easily fusible. 29 – 31% Cu, 27% Sn, 12 – 14% Fe |
| Staurolite | (Fe2+)2Al9Si4O23(OH) | Orth | 3.65 | 3.75 | 7 | 7.5 | In cruciform twins. 56% Al2O3 |
| Steatite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Talc | ||
| Stephanite | Ag5SbS4 | Orth | 6.2 | 6.3 | 2 | 2.5 | 68.5% Ag, 15.2% Sb |
| Sternbergite | AgFe2S3 | Orth | 4.1 | 4.2 | 1 | 1.5 | 34% Ag, 35% Fe |
| Stibnite | Sb2S3 | Orth | 4.52 | 4.62 | 2 | 0 | 71.7% Sb |
| Stilbite | (NaCa)3(SiAl)18O36·12H2O | Mon | 2.1 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 4 | A zeolite |
| Stillwellite | (Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5 | Rho | 4.57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 58% REO, 11% B2O3 |
| Stishovite | SiO2 | Tet | 4.3 | 0 | 7.5 | 8 | Found only at meteorite sites |
| Stolzite | PbWO4 | Tet | 8.3 | 8.4 | 2.5 | 3 | 45% Pb, 50% WO3 |
| Stromeyerite | (Cu,Ag)S | Orth | 6.2 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 3 | 53% Ag, 31% Cu |
| Strontianite | SrCO3 | Orth | 3.7 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | Efferv. in HCl. 90% SrO |
| Struverite | (Ti,Ta,Nb,Fe)O2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ta rich ilmenorutile | |
| Sulfur | S | Orth | 2.05 | 2.09 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Burns with blue flame |
| Sunstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Brilliant translucent oligoclase | ||
| Sylvanite | (Au,Ag)Te4 | Mon | 8 | 8.2 | 1.5 | 2 | Cl (010) perfect. 25% Au, 15% Ag |
| Sylvite | KCl | Iso | 1.99 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Cl cubic perfect. 63% K2O |
| T | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Talc | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 | Mon | 2.7 | 2.8 | 1 | 0 | Greasy feel |
| Tantalite | (Mg,Mn2+)Ta2O6 | Orth | 6.2 | 8 | 6 | 6.5 | 52 – 86% Ta2O5, max 31% Nb2O5 (with Ta = Nb) |
| Tapiolite | (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 | Tet | 7.3 | 7.8 | 6 | 0 | Dimorphous with tantalite |
| Tennantite | Cu12As4S13 | Iso | 4.6 | 5.1 | 3 | 4.5 | Max 11% Fe, 9% Zn, 14% Ag, 4% Pb, 13% Bi, 1% Co, 30 – 53% Cu |
| Tenorite | CuO | Tric | 5.8 | 6.4 | 3 | 4 | Black. 79.9% Cu |
| Tephroite | (Mn2+)2SiO4 | Orth | 4 | 4.1 | 6 | 0 | Light grey, rare olivine |
| Tetrahedrite | Cu12Sb4S13 | Iso | 4.6 | 5.1 | 3 | 4.5 | In tetrahedrons. Max. 45% Cu, 13% Fe, 8% Zn, 18% Ag, 17% Hg, 16% Pb, 4% Ni, 4% Co, 4% Bi |
| Thenardite | Na2SO4 | Orth | 2.68 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | In saline lakes |
| Thomsonite | NaCa2Al5Si5O20·6H2O | Orth | 2.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | A zeolite |
| Thorianite | ThO2 | Iso | 9.7 | 0 | 6.5 | 0 | To 17% U3O8 |
| Thorite | Th(SiO4) | Tet | 5.3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | Usually hydrated |
| Thorogummite | (Th,U)[(SiO4),(OH)4] | Tet | 4 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0 | A replacement of thorite |
| Thulite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pink-red zoisite | ||
| Tiger’s-eye | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Yellow brown quartz aftercrocidolite | ||
| Tin | Sn | Tet | 7.3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Very rare |
| Tincalconite | Na2B4O5(OH)4·3H2O | Hex | 1.88 | 0 | 1 | 0 | A pseudomorph of borax |
| Tinstone | SnO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cassiterite | |
| Titanic iron ore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Ilmenite | ||
| Titanite | CaTiSiO5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sphene | |
| Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 | Orth | 3.4 | 3.6 | 8 | 0 | Cl (001) perfect |
| Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·12H2O | Tet | 3.22 | 0 | 2 | 2.5 | Green. 61% U3O8, 13.5 – 15% P2O5 ,6 – 7% Cu |
| Tourmaline | XY3Al6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH)4 X = Na,Ca Y = Al,Fe,Li,Mg | Rho | 3 | 3.25 | 7 | 7.5 | Trigonal section |
| Tremolite | []Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 | Mon | 3 | 3.3 | 5 | 6 | Ca amphibole, short fibre asbestos |
| Tridymite | SiO2 | Orth | 2.26 | 0 | 7 | 0 | In volcanic rocks (870 – 1470°C) |
| Triphylite | Li(Fe)PO4 | Orth | 3.42 | 3.56 | 4.5 | 5 | 9.5% Li2O, 45% P2O5 |
| Troilite | FeS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Pyrrhotite | |
| Trona | Na2CO3·NaHCO3·2H2O | Mon | 2.13 | 0 | 3 | 0 | Alkaline taste. 41% Na2O |
| Troostite | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Manganiferous willemite | ||
| Tungstite | WO3·H2O | Orth? | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | Sec. mineral |
| Turgite | ? | 4.2 | 4.6 | 6.5 | 0 | With goethite | |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8.4H2O | Tric | 2.6 | 2.8 | 6 | 0 | Blue-green. 5.5 – 7.8% Cu, 28 – 35% P2O5 |
| Tyuyamunite | Ca(UO2)2(VO4)2·5-8H2O | Orth | 3.7 | 4.3 | 2 | 0 | Ca analogue of carnotite. About 56% U3O8, 20% V2O5 |
| U | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Ulexite | NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O | Tric | 1.69 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7.7% Na2O, 43% B2O3 |
| Uralian emerald | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Green gem andradite | ||
| Uralite | Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Hornblende after pyroxene | |
| Uraninite | UO2 | Iso | 9 | 9.7 | 5.5 | 0 | Pitchy lustre, nom. U3O8 |
| Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O | Orth | 3.81 | 3.9 | 2 | 3 | 63% U3O8 |
| Urano- sphaerite | Bi(UO2)O2(OH) | Orth | 6.36 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 61% U3O8, 42% Bi2O3 |
| Uvarovite | Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3 | Iso | 3.45 | 0 | 7.5 | 0 | Green garnet |
| Uvite | CaMg3(Al5Mg) (BO3)3(SiAl)6O18(OH)3F | Hex | 3 | 3.2 | 7.5 | 0 | A rare form of tourmaline |
| V | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Vanadinite | Pb5(VO4)3Cl | Hex | 6.7 | 7.1 | 3 | 0 | 19.4% V2O5, 68 – 73% Pb |
| Variscite | Al(PO4)·2H2O | Orth | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 4.5 | Green, massive. 43 – 45% P2O5 |
| Verde antique | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Variegated serpentine and whitemarble | ||
| Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20 (OH)4·8H2O | Mon | 2.4 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | Altered biotite |
| Vesuvianite | (Ca,Na)19(Al,Mg,Fe)13(SiO4)10 (Si2O7)4(OH,F,O)10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Idocrase | |
| Violarite | Ni2Fe S4 | Iso | 4.8 | 0 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 34 – 43% Ni, 15 – 18% Fe |
| Vivianite | (Fe2+)3(PO4)2·8H2O | Mon | 2.58 | 2.68 | 1.5 | 2 | Cl (010) perfect. 28% P2O5 |
| W | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Wad | Hyd. Mn oxides | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 – 48% Mn | |
| Wavellite | Al3(OH)3(PO4)2·5H2O | Orth | 2.33 | 0 | 3.5 | 4 | 35% P2O5, 38% Al2O3 |
| Wernerite | (Na,Ca)4(Si,Al)12O24 (Cl,CO3,SO4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Scapolite | |
| White iron pyrites | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Marcasite | ||
| White mica | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Muscovite | ||
| Willemite | Zn2SiO4 | Rho | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 0 | Fluorescent, 58.5% Zn |
| Witherite | BaCO3 | Orth | 4.3 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | Efferv. in HCl. 77.7% BaO |
| Wolframite | (Fe,Mn,Mg)WO4 | Mon | 7 | 7.5 | 5 | 5.5 | About 75% WO3 |
| Wollastonite | Ca(SiO3) | Tric | 2.8 | 2.9 | 5 | 5.5 | Cl (001), (100) |
| Wood tin | SnO2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Cassiterite | |
| Wulfenite | PbMoO4 | Tet | 6.5 | 7.5 | 3 | 0 | Orange-red. 56% Pb, 26.6% Mo |
| Wurtzite | ZnS | Hex | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | Max. 67% Zn, 8% Fe, 3.6% Cd |
| X | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Xenotime | YPO4 | Tet | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4 | 5 | 61.4% REO, 38.6% P2O5 |
| Y | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Yellow copper ore | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Chalcopyrite | ||
| Z | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Zeolite group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | See analcime, chabazite, heulandite, natrolite, stilbite. | ||
| Zinc blende | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Sphalerite | ||
| Zincite | ZnO | Hex | 5.68 | 0 | 4 | 4.5 | 80% Zn, orange-yellow streak |
| Zinc spinel | ZnAl2O4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Gahnite | |
| Zinkenite | Pb6Sb22S42 | Hex | 5.3 | 0 | 3 | 3.5 | Jamesonite series |
| Zinnwaldite | K(Al,Fe,Li)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)F | Mon | 3 | 0 | 2.5 | 3 | About 5% Li2O |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 | Tet | 4.68 | 0 | 7.5 | 0 | 67.2% ZrO2 |
| Zoisite | Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) | Orth | 3.3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | Orth var. of clinozoisite |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Source: Field Geologist manual. Fifth Ed. Monograph 9. AusIMM, The Mineral Institute. AUSIMM, Aust.2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
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| A more detailed list is available from the IMA Database of Mineral Properties: <http://rruff.info/ima/>. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Preserving Original Data Values
Andy’s ‘Andy Tips – No. 27
One of the primary goals in recording and assembling data is (or should be) to preserve where possible the original observation, log or measurement data, so it can be reconciled back to related original documents, thereby providing a clear audit trail
Two common examples are the recording of drillhole logging depths, and original analysis or assay results.
In coal logging, depth corrections are applied based on the geophysical log; preserving the original ‘as logged’ depth is important for audit reasons
Similarly, recording the original reported values for assays is important for verification and other reasons…